Reported speech or what we used to called Indirect speech is usually used to talk
about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use
reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to
introduce the reported words. Meanwhile Direct speech or what we used to called
Quoted Speech is words or sentences
uttered by a person.
There are 4 types of Direct & Indirect Speech :
1. Statement :
·
Direct Speech : “I’m hungry”
·
Indirect Speech : She said she was hungry.
2. Imperative/Command :
·
Direct Speech : “Close the Door!”
·
Indirect Speech : She said to closed the door.
3. Information
Question :
·
Direct Speech : “What’s your name again?”
·
Indirect Speech : She asked me to tell her my name.
4. Yes/No
Question :
·
Direct Speech : Have you brush your teeth yet?
·
Indirect Speech : She asked me whether I have brushed my teeth or not.
Direct
Speech to Indirect Speech.
There some rules for changing Direct into Indirect
speech.
1. The
adverbs of nearness should be put into those of distance.
Ex: Now into Then, Last night
into the previous night, etc.
2. Tenses
|
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
|
Simple Present
She said, “I am hungry”
|
Simple Past
She said that she was hungry
|
|
Present Progressive
She said, “I am cooking Lasagna”
|
Past Progressive
She said that she was
cooking lasagna.
|
|
Simple Past
She said, “I watched Frozen
with her”
|
Past Perfect Simple
She said that she had
watched Frozen with her
|
|
Present Perfect
She said, “I have watched the
show”
|
Past Perfect
She said that she had
watched the show.
|
|
Past Perfect
Nana said, “I had finished my
dinner”
|
Past Perfect
Nana said that she had
finished her dinner
|
|
Past Progresive
Loli said, “I was writing
when Ana came”
|
Past Perfect Progressive
Loli said she had been
writing when Ana had came
|
|
Present Perfect Progressive
Loli said, “I have been sleeping all
day in my bedroom”
|
Past Perfect Progressive
Loli said she had been
sleeping all day in her bedroom.
|
|
Past Perfect Progressive
Ana said, “I had been
sleeping when they came
|
Past Perfect Progressive
Ana said that she had been
sleeping when they had came
|
|
Future Simple (will+verb)
Ana said, “I will call them”
|
Conditional (would+verb)
Ana said that she would
call them
|
|
Conditional (would+verb)
Ana said, “I would call him
if I were you”
|
Conditional (would+verb)
Ana said that she would
call him if she had been me
|
Conclusion :
Ø
We used to call Reported speech as Indirect
speech
Ø
We used to call Quoted speech as direct speech
Ø
When we try to transform direct speech into
indirect speech we need to define the type of the sentence first then mind the
adverbs of time and the tenses.
Source :
